Islamic Treasures and History

Abu Bakar (Arabic: أبو بكر الصديق, Abu Bakar al-Siddiq) (b. 572 – d. August 23 634/21 Jumadil End 13 H) were among the earliest to embrace Islam. After the Prophet died, Abu Bakar became the first caliph first four caliphs in 632. He was the original name Abdullah bin Abi Quhafah.

Birth

Abu Bakar’s wife Aisha’s father from the Prophet Muhammad. His name actually is Abdul Kaaba (meaning ‘servant of the Kaaba’), which later changed by the Prophet to be Abdullah (meaning ‘servant of God’. Prophet Muhammad also gave him the title of Ash-Siddiq (meaning ‘who is telling the truth’), so he is better known as Abu Bakar al-Siddiq.
Embrace to Islam

Abu Bakar was born in Mecca of the descendants of Bani Tamim (Attamimi), Quraish tribe. Based on the few Islamic historians, he was a merchant, a judge with a high position, an educated and believed to be the person who can interpret dreams.

Become Caliph

During Prophet Muhammad’s illness when on his deathbed, said that Abu Bakar was named to the prayer place, many who consider this as an indication that Abu Bakar would take his place. Immediately after his death (632), conducted consultation among the leaders of the Ansar and immigrants in Medina, which eventually led to the appointment of Abu Bakar as the new leader of the Muslims or the Islamic caliphate.

What happens when the meeting became a source of debate. The appointment of Abu Bakar as the Caliph is a very controversial subject and a source of the first division in Islam, where Muslims split into Sunnis and Shiites. On one side of the Shiites believe that it should be Ali ibn Abi Talib (Muhammad’s daughter) is a leader and believe this is the decision of the Prophet Muhammad himself as the Sunni argued that the Prophet Muhammad refused to appoint his successor. The Sunni argued that the Messenger of discussion put forward for appointment of temporary leader of Shi’ites Muslims argue that the Messenger of God in the smallest things like before and after eating, drinking, sleeping, etc., never left his people without the guidance and leadership issues guidance especially last people . and also many hadiths in Sunni and Shi’ite caliph after the death of whom the Messenger of Allah, and the number of Islamic leaders of twelve. Regardless of the controversy and the truth of each of them, Ali himself formally declaring his loyalty (pledge allegiance) to Abu Bakar and the two caliphs after (Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan). The Sunni describes this statement as a statement that Ali became enthusiastic and loyal supporters of Abu Bakar and Umar. While the Shi’ites do illustrate that the Ali baiat the pro forma, since he baiat after after the death of his wife Fatimah months and months and after that he showed a protest by closing themselves from public life.

Ridda War

Immediately after the succession of Abu Bakar, a number of problems that threaten the unity and stability of the community and Islamic countries when it comes. Several Arab tribes originating from the Hijaz and insubordination to the Deputy Nejed new and existing systems. Some of them refused to pay zakat while not reject the religion of Islam as a whole. Some other re-embrace religion and old traditions of idolatry. The tribes claim that only a commitment to the Prophet Muhammad and his commitment to his death no longer valid. Based on this, Abu Bakar declared war against those known by the name Ridda war. In the war’s biggest battle is Ridda fight “Ibn Habib al-Hanafi” better known by the name Musailamah Al-Kazab (Musailamah the liar), who claimed himself as a new prophet to replace the Prophet Muhammad. Musailamah then defeated in battle Akraba by Khalid bin Walid.

Expedition to the north

After stabilizing the internal situation and in full control of the Arab, Abu Bakar ordered the generals of Islam against the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire. Khalid bin Walid conquered Iraq with ease while the expedition to Syria was also successful.

Qur’an

Abu Bakar also play a role in the preservation of the written texts of the Qur’an. It is said that after a very difficult victory against Musailamah in Ridda war, many Qur’an penghafal participating killed in battle. Abu Bakar then Umar ibn al-Khattab asked to gather a collection of the Qur’an. Once complete this collection, gathered from penghafal the Qur’an and the writings contained in the written media such as bone, skin, etc., by a team headed by Zaid ibn Thabit Companions, then kept by Hafsa, daughter of Umar and also the wife of the Prophet Muhammad. Then in the reign of Uthman ibn Affan became the basis of this collection of writing text to the Qur’an, known until today.