Utsman bin Affan (The Third of Khalifah Ar-Rasyidin)
Utsman bin Affan (Arabic: عثمان بن عفان, 574 – 656 / 12 Dhu al-Hijjah 35 AH; aged 81-82 years) is a friend of the Prophet Muhammad which includes the third caliph in first four caliphs Ar-Rasyidin. Utsman was a wealthy merchant, but very generous. He was also instrumental in the Qur’an booked.
He is the third caliph who ruled from 644 (age 69-70 years) to 656 (for 11-12 years). Also a friend of the prophet who has a very shy nature.
Utsman bin Affan was the companion of the Prophet and also the third caliph in first four caliphs. He was known as a wealthy merchant and economist reliable but very generous. Many of the economic assistance given to Muslims at the beginning of the message of Islam. He earned the nickname which means that Dzunnurain has two lights. The nickname was acquired because Uthman had married the daughter of the second and third of the Rasullah Saw Ruqayah and Ummi Kulthum.
Utsman bin Affan was born in 574 AD by the Umayyah. He mother’s name was Arwa bint Rabiah ibn Kuriz. He converted to Islam on the invitation of Abu Bakr and belonged Assabiqunal Awwalun (the ones who first embraced Islam). Prophet himself describes as Utsman bin Affan the most honest person and humility among the Muslims. Narrated by Imam Muslim that Aisha asked the Prophet, “Abu Bakar entered, but you always have and do not give special attention, and then Umar went too casual you and not give special attention. But when you entered Utsman continued to sit and fix the clothes, why? “Rasullullah replied,” Did I not ashamed of those who have embarrassed him an angel? ”
At first the calls migrate to Rasullullah Saw Habbasyiah due to the increased pressure of the Quraysh against the Muslims, Uthman, with his wife and other Muslims call the meeting and move to Habbasyiah until the pressure subsided from the Quraysh. Not long lived in Mecca, Utsman followed the Prophet Muhammad to migrate to Medina. In the event Hudaibiyah, Utsman sent by Rasullullah to meet Abu Sufyan of Mecca. Utsman ordered the Prophet to assert that the group of Medina will serve only in the Kaaba, and then immediately returned to Medina, not to fight the people of Mecca.
At Dzatirriqa War and the War raged Ghatfahan, which led the war Rasullullah Saw, Utsman believed Medina mayor. Tabuk War, Utsman 1000 donated camels and 70 horses, plus private donations in 1000 dirhams for war Tabuk, it is equal to one-third the cost of the war. Uthman ibn Affan also show generosity when buying a spring called house of a tribal man Ghifar for 35,000 dirhams. He springs to wakafkan common people’s interests. In the reign of Abu Bakar, Utsman also gave wheat transported by camel in 1000 to help the poor who suffer in the dry season.
After the death of Umar bin Khattab as the second caliph, Get the celebration to pick the next caliph. There were six candidates proposed by the Caliph Ali bin Abi Talib, Utsman ibn Affan, Abdurrahman bin Auf, Saad bin Abi Waqas, Al-Zubair and Talha bin bin Awwam Ubaidillah. Next Abdurrahman bin Auff, Sa’ad bin Abi Waqas, Al-Zubair bin Awwam, and Talha bin Ubaidillah resigned to just Utsman and Ali was left. Voice of the moment tend to choose the third Caliph Utsman. So Utsman was appointed 70-year-old became the third caliph, and the oldest, and the first selected from several candidates. This happened in the month of Muharram 24 AH Utsman became caliph in Islam when the government has actually established and structured.
He is the first caliphs who expanded the mosque of al-Haram (Mecca) and the Nabawi Mosque (Medina) because of increasingly crowded Muslims who perform the five pillars of Islam (pilgrimage). He sparked the idea of security police for his people; create a special building for the court and prosecuting cases previously done in the mosque; agricultural building, conquered Syria, North Africa, Persia, Khorasan, Palestine, Cyprus, Rodhes, and also forms a strong navy. The greatest merit is the time issued a policy to collect the Qur’an in one Mushaf.
During his tenure, the governor replaced Uthman many areas that do not fit or less competent and menggantikaannya with people who are more credible. But this makes a lot of heartache officials revealed that they conspired to kill the Caliph. Caliph Utsman then besieged by the rebels for 40 days starting from the month of Ramadan until Dzulhijah. Although Utsman has the power to remove the rebels, but he was principled to not shed the blood of Muslims. Utsman eventually died as a martyr in 35 H Dzulhijah when the rebels managed to enter his house and killed Uthman when he was reading the Qur’an. Just like what the Rasullullah Mustafa Utsman about the martyr’s death later. He was buried in Baqi cemetery in Medina.
